Both leading US frontier AI labs have now filed confidential IPO paperwork with the SEC while holding all meaningful financial disclosures sealed from the public.
Anthropic filed its S-1 on June 1, 2026, at an implied valuation of $965 billion, days after closing a $65 billion Series H funding round [1]. OpenAI followed on approximately June 8 at an implied valuation of $852 billion [2]. The combined implied market capitalization of the two companies is approximately $1.82 trillion. Neither company has disclosed audited revenue figures, customer concentration, compute obligations, governance documents, or the terms of its major supplier contracts.
The confidential filing process allows both companies to complete SEC staff review of their financials before making a public prospectus available. That process typically takes three to six months. A public S-1 for Anthropic could arrive as early as September 2026, with a listing targeting October; OpenAI may push its public filing to 2027 if current market conditions make a sub-trillion valuation likely [3].
What the race obscures is the shared premise. Both companies are asking to be valued at near-trillion-dollar figures before the public can see the books. The information available to a retail investor today consists of venture-round valuations, leaked revenue estimates, and analyst projections built from press reports. Whether those figures survive contact with audited financials is the question the sealed S-1s do not yet answer.
The competitive dynamic is real. Whichever company reaches public markets first captures the pool of institutional and retail demand for direct AI equity exposure — demand that has so far been satisfied only through NVIDIA and Microsoft. The second company goes public into a market that has already priced the AI IPO premium once and may apply more skepticism to the second offering. The race to file is a race to define the multiple before a competitor does.
X has largely framed the IPO contest as a question of which lab "wins" on valuation. The paper's frame is simpler: two companies are asking to be valued at nearly $2 trillion in total before showing the public a single audited financial statement. The S-1s are the accountability document. Everything before them is pitch material.
-- THEO KAPLAN, San Francisco