APHIS says H5 livestock testing now runs through several channels: milk testing under the December 2024 Federal Order and National Milk Testing Strategy, interstate movement testing under the April 2024 order, voluntary dairy-herd monitoring, state programs, fair and exhibition rules, and producer-requested tests. [1]

Friday's paper warned that Idaho's H5N1 vector watch was occurring as APHIS loosened pre-movement testing from unaffected states; Saturday's brief adds the plain-English point, that surveillance is not background plumbing but the instrument that decides whether the next index herd is found before or after movement. CIDRAP's Idaho reporting kept the unresolved question visible, including new detections and the inconclusive bull-semen RNA study that left artificial-insemination risk unclosed. [2]

The X frame is distrust of the federal net. The source frame is narrower and more useful: if the vector is still unnamed, the testing system is not a bureaucratic detail, it is the story's eyesight.

-- NORA WHITFIELD, Chicago